1. Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 2. Gabatarwa
- 3. Tsarin Tsari da Gine-gine
- 3.1 Gyaran Kayan Aiki
- 3.2 Tsarin Aiki na Atomatically
- 4. Sakamakon Gwaji
- 5. Bayanan Fasaha da Tsarin Lissafi
- 6. Nazarin Hali: Tsarin Aiki na Atomatically na Auna
- 7. Babban Fahimta, Tsarin Hankali, Karfi da Rashin Lafiya, Abubuwan Aiki
- 8. Bincike na Asali
- 9. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hasashe
- 10. Manazarta
2. Gabatarwa
Josephson Junctions (JJs) sune muhimman abubuwa a cikin superconducting qubits, suna kawo anharmonicity ga tazarar matakan makamashi. Yin ƙirƙira junctions da yawa a cikin iyakokin sigogi da ake so yana da wahala, yana sa bayanin bayan ƙirƙira ya zama mahimmanci. Juriya na al'ada $R$ yana ƙayyade halin yanzu mai mahimmanci $I_c$ ta hanyar dangantakar Ambegaokar-Baratoff: $I_c R = \frac{\pi \Delta}{2e}$, inda $\Delta$ shine tazarar superconducting. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da wani tsari na atomatically na probe station bisa ga modified 3D printer, yana rage lokacin auna da 28-51% kuma yana kashewa kawai 800 SGD.
3. Tsarin Tsari da Gine-gine
3.1 Gyaran Kayan Aiki
Tsarin yana sake amfani da 3D printer na kasuwanci ta hanyar maye gurbin extruder da faranti na ƙarfe da ke riƙe da matakan layi na motoci da kyamarar microscope. Ana haɗa probes ta hanyar adaptors da aka yi da 3D. Arduino Uno microcontrollers da yawa suna sarrafa matakan kuma suna sarrafa daidaitawar probe da saukarwa ta atomatically.
3.2 Tsarin Aiki na Atomatically
Tsarin aiki na atomatically ya haɗa da daidaitawa ta atomatically na probes zuwa JJ pads ta amfani da gano abubuwa, saukarwa ta atomatically har sai an yi tuntuɓar, da auna juriya ta atomatically. Abubuwan tsaro sun haɗa da tsayawa nan take akan ƙarfi mai yawa da iyakokin wutar lantarki / halin yanzu don hana lalacewa.
4. Sakamakon Gwaji
Tsarin aiki na atomatically gaba ɗaya yana auna juriya na junction ɗaya a cikin 27-29 seconds, idan aka kwatanta da 38-59 seconds don aiki da hannu, yana ceton lokaci 28-51%. Tsarin na iya aiki ba tare da kulawa ba. Hoto 1 (daga takarda ta asali) yana nuna dandamali daga ra'ayoyi da yawa, yana nuna gyare-gyaren firam ɗin 3D printer, matakan motoci, da kyamara.
5. Bayanan Fasaha da Tsarin Lissafi
Ana auna juriya na al'ada $R$ ta amfani da hanyoyin maki biyu ko maki huɗu. Ana samun halin yanzu mai mahimmanci $I_c$ daga $R$ ta amfani da dangantakar Ambegaokar-Baratoff: $I_c R = \frac{\pi \Delta}{2e}$. Makamashin Josephson $E_J = \frac{\hbar I_c}{2e}$ yana ƙayyade mitar qubit $f = \frac{\sqrt{8E_J E_C} - E_C}{h}$, inda $E_C$ shine makamashin caji.
6. Nazarin Hali: Tsarin Aiki na Atomatically na Auna
Mataki 1: Load wafer tare da JJs akan dandamali.
Mataki 2: Kyamara ta ɗauki hoto; gano abubuwa ya gano wuraren JJ pad.
Mataki 3: Arduino controllers suna motsa probes zuwa daidaitattun maƙasudai.
Mataki 4: Probes suna saukowa har sai an yi tuntuɓar (firikwensin ƙarfi yana jawo tsayawa).
Mataki 5: Ana yin auna juriya; ana rubuta bayanai.
Mataki 6: Probes suna ja da baya; tsarin yana motsawa zuwa junction na gaba.
7. Babban Fahimta, Tsarin Hankali, Karfi da Rashin Lafiya, Abubuwan Aiki
Babban Fahimta: Wannan takarda ta nuna cewa 3D printer na kasuwanci, wanda yake kashewa kasa da $600, ana iya canza shi zuwa wani tsari na atomatically na probe station don bayanin kayan aikin quantum. Babban fahimta ba kawai rage farashi ba ne, amma demokradiyyar gwajin kayan aikin quantum—wani fanni da aka saba mamaye shi da kayan aiki masu tsada, na mallaka.
Tsarin Hankali: Marubuta sun gano wani takamaiman cikas (bayani da hannu na JJs), sun ba da shawarar wani tsari mai rahusa na atomatically ta amfani da abubuwan da ake samu a kasuwa, kuma sun tabbatar da shi da bayanan lokaci. Hankalin yana da inganci: tashoshin probe na hannu suna da jinkiri kuma suna da kuskure; atomatically tare da hangen nesa na kwamfuta da sarrafa Arduino yana magance duka matsalolin.
Karfi da Rashin Lafiya: Babban ƙarfi shine rage farashi mai tsauri (800 SGD vs. dubun dubatan don tsarin kasuwanci). Ceton lokaci 28-51% yana da mahimmanci don gwajin wafer-scale. Duk da haka, takarda ta rasa nazarin ƙididdiga na daidaiton auna idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin hannu. Babu tattaunawa game da lalacewar probe, bambancin juriya na tuntuɓar, ko dogon lokaci dogaro. Ba a bayyana algorithm ɗin gano abubuwa dalla-dalla ba, yana barin tambayoyi game da ƙarfi akan ƙirar wafer daban-daban.
Abubuwan Aiki: Ga dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu iyakacin kasafin kuɗi, wannan canji ne mai girma. Ina ba da shawarar: (1) Sake yin tsarin tare da takaddun kayan aiki na buɗe tushe; (2) Ƙara samfurin koyon injin don gano pad don inganta daidaito; (3) Gudanar da kwatancen tsari na bambancin auna tsakanin hanyoyin atomatically da na hannu; (4) Bincika haɗin kai tare da tashoshin probe na cryogenic don bayanin ƙananan zafin jiki.
8. Bincike na Asali
Wannan takarda tana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki zuwa ga demokradiyyar bayanin kayan aikin quantum. Ta hanyar sake amfani da 3D printer na mabukaci, marubuta sun sami rage farashi sama da 95% idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin probe na kasuwanci, waɗanda galibi suna kashewa $20,000-$100,000. Wannan ya yi daidai da babban yanayin amfani da kayan aikin kasuwanci don kayan aikin kimiyya, kamar yadda ake gani a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na buɗe tushe (misali, OpenTrons don sarrafa ruwa, ko microscope na OpenFlexure). Ceton lokaci 28-51% yana da ma'ana, amma ainihin darajar tana cikin aiki ba tare da kulawa ba—yana 'yantar da masu bincike don ayyuka mafi girma.
Duk da haka, takarda tana da iyakoki na musamman. Ba a ƙididdige daidaiton auna da maimaitawa sosai ba. A cikin bayanin kayan aikin quantum, ko da ƙananan bambance-bambance a juriya na tuntuɓar na iya haifar da kurakurai masu mahimmanci a ƙididdigar $I_c$. Dangantakar Ambegaokar-Baratoff da kanta tana ɗaukar tunnel junctions masu kyau, waɗanda ƙila ba za su riƙe ga duk JJs da aka ƙirƙira ba. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin a halin yanzu yana auna juriya na al'ada kawai; cikakken bayanin qubit yana buƙatar spectroscopy na microwave da ma'aunin lokacin daidaitawa, waɗanda wannan dandamali ba zai iya yi ba.
Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin probe na atomatically na zamani (misali, daga Cascade Microtech ko MPI Corporation), wannan tsarin ba shi da sarrafa zafin jiki, warewar girgiza, da kariya—mahimmanci don ma'aunin quantum masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka, don saurin duban JJs a zafin jiki na ɗaki, yana da ingantaccen bayani mai tsada. Hanyar za a iya fadada ta zuwa wasu na'urorin kayan aiki na 2D ko memristors, yana faɗaɗa tasirinta. Aikin gaba ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan haɗa damar cryogenic da inganta daidaiton auna ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin tuntuɓar na ci gaba.
9. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hasashe
Ana iya fadada dandamali don bayyana wasu na'urorin quantum, kamar superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) ko quantum dots. Haɗin kai tare da koyon injin don gano lahani da kiyayewa na tsinkaya shine mataki na gaba na halitta. Yanayin buɗe tushe na ƙira zai iya haɓaka yanayin al'umma don gwajin kayan aikin quantum mai rahusa. Yayin da lissafin quantum ke haɓaka zuwa dubban qubits, bayanin atomatically zai zama dole—kuma wannan aikin yana ba da tsari don mafita masu isa da haɓaka.
10. Manazarta
- H. Li, S. G. Y. Thant, and R. Dumke, "Automated Superconducting Qubit Characterisation Platform Based on a Modified 3D Printer," arXiv:2310.00331v1, 2023.
- V. Ambegaokar and A. Baratoff, "Tunneling Between Superconductors," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 486–489, 1963.
- J. Koch et al., "Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 042319, 2007.
- M. H. Devoret and R. J. Schoelkopf, "Superconducting Circuits for Quantum Information: An Outlook," Science, vol. 339, no. 6124, pp. 1169–1174, 2013.
- OpenFlexure Project, "OpenFlexure Microscope," openflexure.org, 2023.
- J. M. Martinis et al., "Decoherence in Josephson Qubits from Dielectric Loss," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 95, no. 21, p. 210503, 2005.