Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Gabatarwa
- 2. Hanyoyin Aiki
- 3. Gwajin Siffofin
- 4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Tsarin Lissafi
- 5. Tsarin Bincike: Nazarin Shari'a
- 6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hasashe
- 7. Bincike na Asali
- 8. Manazarta
1. Gabatarwa
Metamaterials da metasurfaces kayan aikin injiniya ne na wucin gadi waɗanda ke da tsarin lokaci-lokaci na ƙarƙashin igiyar ruwa wanda ke ba da damar ayyukan lantarki na musamman. Wannan aikin yana gabatar da hanya mai rahusa, mai dacewa da muhalli don ƙirƙirar metasurfaces masu sassauƙa na milimita ta amfani da bugu na Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D. Marubutan suna ƙirƙira Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) masu gudanarwa a cikin siffa mai tsaye kuma suna gwada su ta hanyar auna watsawa a cikin tsarin waveguide rectangular.
2. Hanyoyin Aiki
2.1 Tsarin Bugu na FDM 3D
FDM wata dabara ce ta masana'anta ta ƙari inda ake dumama filaments na thermoplastic sama da wurin narkewar su kuma a fitar da su ta bututun ƙarami. Bututun yana motsawa a cikin kwatance xyz ƙarƙashin sarrafa kwamfuta, yana gina tsarin Layer ta Layer. Wannan hanya tana da sauri, mai rahusa, mai sauƙin amfani, kuma mai dacewa da muhalli, ba ta buƙatar ɗakuna masu tsabta ko sinadarai masu guba.
2.2 Zane na Split Ring Resonators
SRRs madaukai ne na ƙarfe tare da gibi waɗanda ke nuna hali na resonant a takamaiman mitoci. Mitar resonance ta dogara da sigogi na geometric (radius na zobe, girman gibi, faɗin layi) da kaddarorin dielectric na kayan da ke shiga. Ana buga SRRs ta amfani da filaments masu gudanarwa, suna ba da damar tsayayye, sassa masu sassauƙa ba tare da matattarar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ba.
3. Gwajin Siffofin
3.1 Saitin Auna
An yi auna watsawa ta amfani da daidaitattun tsarin waveguide rectangular a cikin yankin microwave. An sanya samfuran a cikin waveguide, kuma an rubuta S-parametocin ta amfani da vector network analyzer.
3.2 Sakamako da Tattaunawa
Bayanan bakan watsawa da aka auna sun nuna siffofi na resonant da aka tsara sosai waɗanda ke canzawa tare da canje-canje a cikin geometry na SRR da lodin dielectric. Misali, ƙara girman gibi yana matsar da resonance zuwa mitoci mafi girma, yayin da ƙara radius na zobe yana matsar da shi zuwa mitoci mafi ƙanƙanta. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa SRRs da aka buga ta FDM na iya cimma aiki kwatankwacin ƙirar tushen PCB na al'ada, tare da ƙarin fa'idodin sassauci, ƙarancin nauyi, da ƙarancin farashi.
4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Tsarin Lissafi
Za a iya kimanta mitar resonance na SRR ta hanyar samfurin da'irar LC:
$f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}}$
inda $L$ shine inductance na madauki kuma $C$ shine capacitance na gibi. Ga SRR mai madauwari, ana ba da inductance ta:
$L = \mu_0 r \left[ \ln\left(\frac{8r}{w}\right) - 2 \right]$
inda $r$ shine matsakaicin radius, $w$ shine faɗin layi, kuma $\mu_0$ shine permeability na sarari kyauta. Capacitance shine:
$C = \epsilon_0 \epsilon_r \frac{w t}{g}$
inda $t$ shine kauri, $g$ shine faɗin gibi, $\epsilon_0$ shine permittivity na sarari kyauta, kuma $\epsilon_r$ shine dangi permittivity na kayan dielectric.
5. Tsarin Bincike: Nazarin Shari'a
Yi la'akari da yanayin da aka tsara metasurface mai sassauƙa don kariyar lantarki a 10 GHz. Ta amfani da hanyar bugu na FDM, an buga jerin SRRs masu radius $r = 1.5$ mm, faɗin layi $w = 0.3$ mm, da gibi $g = 0.2$ mm a kan matattarar ƙasa mai sassauƙa. Auna watsawa ya nuna nutsewar resonance a 10.2 GHz tare da ingancin factor na 50. Wannan yana nuna yuwuwar amfani da metasurfaces da aka buga ta 3D don aikace-aikace masu amfani kamar kariya mai daidaitawa ko saman zaɓin mitoci.
6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hasashe
Metasurfaces da aka buga ta FDM da aka nuna suna buɗe hanyoyi don:
- Kariyar EM mai daidaitawa: Metasurfaces masu sassauƙa na iya rufe abubuwa masu siffar da ba ta dace ba don kariya daga EMI.
- Na'urorin lantarki masu sawa: Metasurfaces masu nauyi, masu kama da masana'anta za a iya haɗa su cikin tufafi don ji ko sadarwa.
- Na'urori masu rahusa: Ƙirƙirar da ta dace da muhalli tana ba da damar na'urori masu zubarwa don lura da muhalli.
- Abubuwan 5G/6G: Metasurfaces na mm-scaled za a iya amfani da su don jagorantar katako da tacewa a cikin tsarin sadarwa na gaba.
7. Bincike na Asali
Mahimmanci: Wannan takarda ta nuna cewa bugu na FDM 3D, wanda aka saba danganta shi da saurin ƙirƙira samfuri, za a iya sake amfani da shi don abubuwan lantarki masu aiki. Sabuwar dabara ita ce amfani da filaments masu gudanarwa don ƙirƙirar SRRs masu tsaye, tare da kawar da buƙatar matattarar ƙasa masu asara kamar FR-4.
Tsarin Tunani: Marubutan sun fara da matsalar ƙirƙirar PCB na al'ada kasancewar ta tauri, mai guba, kuma mai tsada. Suna ba da bugu na FDM a matsayin mafita, suna ƙirƙira SRRs, suna gwada su a cikin waveguides, kuma suna nuna cewa halin resonance ya dace da hasashen ka'idar. Tsarin yana da ma'ana amma ba shi da kwatancen kai tsaye tare da hanyoyin al'ada.
Ƙarfi da Rashin Ƙarfi: Babban ƙarfin shine nuna hanyar ƙirƙira mai rahusa, mai dacewa da muhalli. Duk da haka, takardar ba ta kwatanta aikin (misali, Q-factor, asara) da SRRs na tushen PCB ba. Ƙudurin bugu na FDM (yawanci 0.1-0.2 mm) yana iyakance mitar aiki zuwa ƙaramin kewayon microwave. Kamar yadda Smith et al. (2019) suka lura, metamaterials da aka buga ta 3D sau da yawa suna fama da asarar ohmic mafi girma saboda juriyar filament mai gudanarwa.
Shawarwari Masu Aiki: Masu bincike ya kamata su mai da hankali kan inganta gudanarwar filament (misali, ta amfani da filaments da aka rufe da ƙarfe) da kuma bincika bugu na kayan da yawa don haɗaɗɗun dielectric da yadudduka masu gudanarwa. Ga masana'antu, wannan hanya tana da kyau don saurin ƙirƙira samfuri na tsarin EM masu daidaitawa inda ake ba da fifiko ga farashi da sassauci akan babban aiki.
8. Manazarta
- [1] A. C. Tasolamprou et al., "Fabrication and characterization of FDM 3D printed mm-scaled metasurface units," arXiv:2003.04229v3, 2020.
- [2] D. R. Smith et al., "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, no. 18, pp. 4184-4187, 2000.
- [3] J. B. Pendry et al., "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2075-2084, 1999.
- [4] S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer, 2007.
- [5] N. Engheta and R. W. Ziolkowski, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, Wiley, 2006.