Iyakar Siffofin Lissafi a cikin Karkatar da Laser Sintering na Alumina

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Karkatar da Laser Sintering (SLS) na yumbu yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙarin masana'antu don aikace-aikace masu ƙima. Wannan fasahar tana amfani da wani ɗanɗano na polymer da aka haɗe da foda na yumbu, inda kawai ɗanɗanon ke narkewa yayin hasken laser don samar da gadoji tsakanin ɓangarorin yumbu. Tsarin yana maye gurbin matakan ƙarfafawa na al'ada yayin kiyaye buƙatun sarrafa kafin da bayan aiki na al'ada.

Siffofin yumbu masu sarƙaƙiya tare da buɗaɗɗen tashoshi suna da matuƙar mahimmanci ga fasahohin makamashi mai tsabta, duk da haka cikakkun jagororin ƙira har yanzu ba su ci gaba ba. Binciken da ya gabata ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan daidaiton siffofi na sassauƙan siffofi, tare da gudunmawar da suka shahara daga KU Leuven da Jami'ar Missouri Rolla waɗanda suka kafa iyakar iyawa don samar da ramuka da tashoshi masu karkace.

2. Kayan aiki da Hanyoyi

2.1 Tsarin Abun ciki na Kayan aiki

Binciken ya yi amfani da tsarin foda na alumina/nylon da aka daidaita daga Deckers et al. Cakudar ta ƙunshi 78 wt.% alumina (Almatis A16 SG, d50=0.3μm) tare da 22 wt.% PA12 (ALM PA650 d50=58μm), an haɗa su bushe a cikin mahaɗin mai ƙarfi na shewa na mintuna 10 kuma an tace su ta cikin raga na 250 μm.

2.2 Sigogin Sarrafa SLS

Gwaje-gwaje sun yi amfani da Tsarin Gwaji na Ƙara Laser (LAMPS) a Jami'ar Texas a Austin. An inganta sigogi ta hanyar gwaji don rage lalata ɗanɗano da karkatarwa:

• Ƙarfin Laser: 4-10 W
• Gudun Duban Laser: 200-1000 mm/s
• Kauri na Layer: 100 μm
• Tazarar ƙyanƙyashe: 275 μm
• Girman Tabo: 730 μm (diamita 1/e²)

3. Sakamakon Gwaji

Binciken ya nuna cewa iyakokin siffa waɗanda aka ƙera asali don SLS na polymer suna ba da muhimmin mafari don SLS na yumbu a kaikaice, amma ƙarin ƙuntatawa suna fitowa saboda abubuwan da suka shafi kayan aiki. Manyan binciken sun haɗa da nasarar samar da ramuka masu diamita na 1 mm ± 0.12 mm, daidai da aikin da ya gabata na Nolte et al., yayin gano iyakokin da suka shafi yumbu a cikin sifofin da suka fi girma da sifofin tashoshi.

4. Binciken Fasaha

Mahimmin Fahimta

Babban nasara a nan ba tsarin SLS na yumbu kansa ba ne—wanda ya daɗe—amma taswirar iyakokin lissafi waɗanda a zahiri suke aiki a cikin wuraren samarwa. Yawancin takaddun ilimi suna sayar da iyawa; wannan yana ba da ƙuntatawa mai amfani waɗanda injiniyoyi za su iya amfani da su a zahiri.

Matsala mai Ma'ana

Binciken yana bin ci gaba mai gaskiya: fara da ƙa'idodin polymer da aka kafa, gwada su da gaskiyar yumbu, rubuta inda suka gaza, da gina sabbin ƙuntatawa daga rugujewar. Hanyar tana daidaita ɓangaren ma'auni na Allison et al. musamman don fallasa hanyoyin gazawar da suka shafi yumbu maimakon kawai tabbatar da nasarori.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai

Ƙarfi: Inganta sigogi na gwaji ta amfani da hoto na gani da zafi yana nuna haƙiƙanin duniya. Tsarin LAMPS na al'ada yana ba da sarrafawa wanda injunan kasuwanci suka rasa. Mayar da hankali kan siffofi masu aunawa, maimaitawa maimakon "siffofi masu sarƙaƙiya" yana sa sakamakon ya zama mai amfani a zahiri.

Kurakurai: Iyakantaccen tsarin kayan aiki (alumina/nylon kawai) yana tayar da tambayoyi game da gama gari. Takardar ta yarda amma ba ta ƙididdige tasirin raguwa bayan aiki akan girma na ƙarshe ba—wani gibi mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen daidaitawa.

Fahimta masu Aiki

Masu ƙira yakamata su fara da ƙa'idodin Polymer SLS a matsayin tushe amma su yi amfani da ƙarin tazara na kashi 15-20% don abubuwan da suka shafi yumbu. Mayar da hankali kan sarrafa rarraba ɗanɗano ta hanyar ingantattun hanyoyin haɗawa. Aiwatar da sa ido a cikin tsari musamman don abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba na zafi waɗanda ke nuna gazawar lissafi mai zuwa.

Tsarin Fasaha

Ma'aunin makamashi don sarrafa SLS yana biye da:

$E_d = \frac{P}{v \cdot h \cdot t}$

Inda $E_d$ shine yawan makamashi (J/mm³), $P$ shine ƙarfin laser (W), $v$ shine gudun dubawa (mm/s), $h$ shine tazarar ƙyanƙyashe (mm), kuma $t$ shine kauri na Layer (mm). Ga sigogin da aka yi bincike, yawan makamashi yana kewaya daga kusan 0.15 zuwa 1.82 J/mm³.

Misalin Tsarin Bincike

Nazarin Shari'a: Inganta Ƙirar Tashoshi

Lokacin ƙira buɗaɗɗen tashoshi don SLS na yumbu, yi la'akari da tsarin da ya biyo baya:

1. Mafi ƙaramin Kauri na Bangon: Fara da shawarwarin Polymer SLS na 1.5×
2. Kusurwoyin da suka fi girma: Iyakance zuwa 30° daga tsaye sabanin 45° don polymers
3. Ƙudurin Fasali: Aiwatar da ƙarin haƙuri na 0.2 mm don tasirin ƙaura na ɗanɗano
4. Ramon Bayan Aiki: Ƙirar siffofi 8-12% mafi girma don lissafin raguwar ƙarfafawa

5. Aikace-aikace na Gaba

Haɓaka ingantattun dokokin ƙira na lissafi don SLS na yumbu a kaikaice yana buɗe manyan dama a cikin yankuna da yawa:

• Tsarin Makamashi: Masu canza catalytic tare da ingantattun hanyoyin kwarara da masu musayar zafi tare da siffofi na ciki masu sarƙaƙiya
• Magungunan Ƙwayoyin Cutar: Scaffolds na ƙashi na musamman na majiyyaci tare da sarrafa ɗumbin yawa da yanayin saman
• Sarrafa Sinadarai: Microreactors tare da haɗaɗɗun haɗawa da tashoshin amsawa
• Hawan Sararin Samaniya: Tsarin kariya mai sauƙi na zafi tare da ingantattun kaddarorin kayan aiki

Hanyoyin bincike na gaba yakamata su mayar da hankali kan iyawar kayan aiki da yawa, sa ido na ingancin in-situ, da inganta sigogi na tushen koyon inji don ƙara faɗaɗa yuwuwar lissafi.

6. Bayanan da aka ambata

1. Deckers, J., et al. "Ƙara masana'antu na yumbu: bita." Jaridar Kimiyya da Fasahar Yumbu (2014)
2. Allison, J., et al. "Iyakar lissafi don Polymer SLS." Mujallar Ƙirƙira Maimaitawa (2015)
3. Nolte, H., et al. "Daidaito a cikin kera SLS na yumbu." Ƙara Masana'antu (2016)
4. Nissen, M.K., et al. "Tashoshi na gilashi masu karkace ta hanyar SLS a kaikaice." Jaridar Tsarin Masana'antu (2017)
5. Goodfellow, R.C., et al. "Gudanar da zafi a cikin AM na yumbu." Jaridar Ƙwararrun Fasahar Masana'antu ta Duniya (2018)
6. Gibson, I., et al. "Ƙara Fasahohin Masana'antu: Bugawa 3D, Ƙirƙira Maimaitawa, da Kera Lambobi Kai tsaye." Springer (2015)