Samfurin Filin-Lokaci na 3D Wanda Ba Zafi-Idayi ba na Juyin Halittar Tsarin Ƙananan Ƙwayoyin a cikin Ƙirƙirar Laser da aka Zaɓa

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Ƙirƙirar Laser da aka Zaɓa (SLS) tana wakiltar muhimmin fasahar ƙirƙira ƙari don saurin yin samfuri da aikace-aikacen kayan aiki. Tsarin ya ƙunshi sanyawa ɗari ɗari na foda wanda aka biyo bayan duban laser, inda makamashin hoto ke jujjuya zuwa makamashin zafi ta hanyar sha. Ba kamar narkar da Laser da aka Zaɓa (SLM) ba, SLS yakan guje wa babban narkewa yayin da yake cimma haɗin barbashi ta hanyoyin ƙirƙira daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da samfuran da ke da ikon sarrafa ɗimbin ramuka.

Sarƙar SLS tana cikin abubuwan kimiyyar lissafi daban-daban da suka shafi ma'auni daban-daban na lokaci da tsayi. Hanyoyin ƙirƙira na yanzu suna dogaro sosai akan hanyoyin gwaji da kuskure, suna nuna matukar buƙatar kayan aikin lissafi waɗanda zasu iya hasashen juyin halittar tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin da kuma inganta sigogin aiki.

2. Hanyar Aiki

2.1 Tsarin Samfurin Filin-Lokaci

Samfurin da aka ƙirƙira yana amfani da hanyar filin-lokaci ta iyakataccen abu mai girma uku wanda ke ɗaukar sarƙaƙƙiyar juyin halittar tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin a lokacin SLS. Tsarin ya haɗa abubuwan kimiyyar lissafi daban-daban da suka haɗa da narkewa na wani yanki, juyin halittar tsarin ramuka, hanyoyin watsawa, ƙaura na iyakar diddigin, da haɗaɗɗen canja wurin zafi.

2.2 Tsarin Ba Zafi-Idayi ba

Samfurin filin-lokaci wanda ba zafi-idayi ba ya haɗa da ma'auni na juyin halitta masu dogaro da zafin jiki. Aikin makamashi mai 'yanci yana la'akari da duka filin-lokaci da filayen zafin jiki:

$F = \int_V \left[ f(\phi, \nabla\phi, T) + \frac{1}{2} \epsilon^2 |\nabla\phi|^2 \right] dV$

inda $\phi$ ke wakiltar masu canjin filin-lokaci, $T$ shine filin zafin jiki, kuma $\epsilon$ shine haɗin kuzarin gradient. Samfurin yana warware ma'auni masu haɗaka don juyin halittar lokaci da canja wurin zafi:

$\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} = -L \frac{\delta F}{\delta \phi}$

$\rho c_p \frac{\partial T}{\partial t} = \nabla \cdot (k \nabla T) + Q_{laser} - Q_{latent}$

2.3 Algorithm na Bin Diddigi

Wata sabuwar algorithm mai kama da matsalar rini mafi ƙanƙanta tana ba da damar yin kwaikwayon diddigi 200 ta amfani da sigogin oda 8 waɗanda ba a kiyaye su ba. Wannan nasarar ingantaccen lissafi tana ba da damar bin juyin halittar kowane didigi a duk tsarin ƙirƙira.

3. Sakamako da Tattaunawa

3.1 Juyin Halittar Tsarin Ƙananan Ƙwayoyin

Samfurin ya yi nasarar ɗaukar muhimman abubuwan da samfuran zafi-idayi na al'ada ba za su iya kaiwa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙarfin narkewa na wani yanki, haɗuwar ramuka, da juyin halittar iyakar diddigin. Kwaikwayoyin sun bayyana ƙayyadaddun alamu na tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin dangane da yanayin zafi na gida.

3.2 Tasirin Sigogin Aiki

An yi amfani da shi a foda na karfe 316L mara ƙura, samfurin ya ƙididdige yadda ƙarfin laser da saurin dubawa ke rinjayar alamun tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin:

• Juyin halittar ɗimbin ramuka yana bin ƙimar aiki ta farko
• Siffar saman yana nuna dogaro mai ƙarfi akan yawan kuzari
• Bayanan zafin jiki suna nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci a sarari
• Lissafin diddigi yana juyin halitta ta hanyoyi daban-daban

3.3 Tabbatarwa da Bincike

Samfurin ya nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin ma'aunin ƙima da takamaiman shigar da kuzari, yana ba da kayan aikin tsinkaya don inganta tsari. Tabbatarwa da bayanan gwaji ya tabbatar da daidaiton juyin halittar tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin da aka kwaikwaya.

4. Tsarin Binciken Fasaha

Mahimmin Hasashe na Cibiyar

Wannan bincike ya ba da cikakkiyar nasara ta lissafi wanda ke ƙalubalantar tsarin gwaji da kuskure a cikin ingantaccen tsarin SLS. Ikonsamfurin filin-lokaci na yin kwaikwayon diddigi 200 da sigogin oda 8 kawai yana wakiltar haɓaka inganci na 25x akan hanyoyin al'ada—mai kwatankwacin tsallen lissafi da aka nuna a cikin takardar CycleGAN ta asali don ayyukan fassarar hoto.

Kwararar Ma'ana

Hanyar aiki tana bin ci gaba mai kyau: farawa da hanyar abu mai iyaka don samar da gadon foda, ci gaba ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun ma'auni na zafi-filin-lokaci, da kuma ƙarewa a cikin tsinkayar tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Wannan hanyar ma'auni daban-daban tayi kama da tsare-tsaren samfuran matakai waɗanda cibiyoyi kamar NIST's Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed suka yi fice.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai

Ƙarfi: Maganin ba zafi-idayi ba yana ɗaukar gradients na zafi waɗanda samfuran al'ada suka rasa—mai mahimmanci ga SLS inda bambancin zafin gida ke tafiyar da tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Algorithm na bin diddigi yana da hazaka ta lissafi, yana rage buƙatun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yayin da yake kiyaye daidaiton zahiri.

Kurakurai: Samfurin yana ɗaukan shan laser mai kyau kuma yana iya ƙima tasirin Marangoni a yankunan da suka narke a wani yanki. Kamar yawancin hanyoyin filin-lokaci, yana fama da matsanancin raba lokaci tsakanin watsawa da motsin iyakar diddigin.

Hasashe Mai Aiki

Masana'antun yakamata suyi amfani da alaƙar yawan kuzari-da ƙima nan da nan don inganta sigogin laser. Yakamata a karɓi hanyar bin diddigi ta software na kwaikwayo na kasuwanci. Aikin gaba dole ne ya haɗa da ƙarin siffanta foda da ingantacce kuma ya tabbatar da bayanan gwaji na cikin wuri daga tushen synchrotron.

5. Ayyuka da Jagororin Gaba

Tsarin da aka ƙirƙira yana da muhimman tasiri ga ƙirƙira ƙari fiye da SLS. Yiwuwar aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da:

• Ingantaccen bugu na kaya daban-daban
• Ƙira na kayan aiki masu daraja
• Sa ido da sarrafa tsari a cikin wuri
• Haɗa kai na koyon inji don daidaita sigogi na ainihin lokaci

Jagororin bincike na gaba yakamata su mayar da hankali kan faɗaɗa samfurin don haɗawa da tsinkayar damuwa ta ragu, binciken samuwar fashe, da tsarin kayan aiki na lokaci daban-daban. Haɗa kai tare da tabbatar da gwaji ta amfani da ingantattun dabarun siffanta zai ƙara haɓaka ikon tsinkaya.

6. Nassoshi

1. Kruth, J.P., da sauransu. (2007). Zaɓaɓɓen narkar da laser na foda mai tushen ƙarfe. Jaridar Fasahar Sarrafa Kayan Aiki.
2. Zhu, J.X., da sauransu. (2019). Samfurin filin-lokaci na ƙirƙira ƙari: Bita. Ƙirƙirar Ƙari.
3. Goodfellow, I., da sauransu. (2014) Cibiyoyin Sadarwa na Gaba daɗaɗɗa. Ci gaba a cikin Tsarin Bayanai na Neural.
4. NIST Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed. Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasa.
5. Wang, Y.U. (2006). Samfurin kwamfuta da kwaikwayon ƙirƙira ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Jaridar Ƙungiyar Ma'adinai ta Amurka.